Last modified: 2008-02-09 by zeljko heimer
Keywords: sudan | book of all kingdoms | graciona | dongola | abdeselib |
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![[Flag of Dongola]](../images/s/sd-do14f.gif)
image by António Martins-Tuválkin, 5 December 2007
The 74th flag mentioned and illustrated in the
Book of All Kingdoms is attributed
to Dongola, a state somewhere in current Sudan, said
to be founded and peopled by Nubians.
This as depicted in the
2005 Spanish illustrated transcription, a white flag with a black cross patty with two horizontal bars, and the
vertical bar throughout, the flag in the ogival default shape of this
source.
The anonymous author of
Book of All Kingdoms describes the
flag thus: "E el rey d’ella á por se&ntilda;ales un pendón blanco con una cruz fecha así." (="The King
of Dongola has for his device a white flag with a cross like this.", as translated in the Halkyut Society edition.)
António Martins-Tuválkin, 5 December 2007
Dongola was the capital of the
Christian Nubian kingdom of Makuria, and was often used as the name of
the whole kingdom. The core of the kingdom lay between the 3rd and
5th cataracts in the Nile valley of northern Sudan. See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muqurra ,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sudan#Christian_Nubia
and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Dongola for more info on Makuria and Dongola.
Ned Smith, 5 December 2007
![[Flag of Graciona/Granciona]](../images/s/sd-gc14f.gif)
image by Eugene Ipavec, 7 December 2007
The 78th flag mentioned and illustrated in the
Book of All Kingdoms is attributed
to Graciona / Granciona, the capital of Empiror
Abdeselib, suppoesedly located somehwere in current Sudan.
This as depicted in the
2005 Spanish illustrated transcription, a white flag with a black cross patty throughout (actually, stratched to
top, bottom and hoist, but not exending to the fly tip), the flag in the
ogival default shape of this source.
According to the Halkyut Society edition (#70 on plate
15 between p.34-35), the manuscript "S" (the [f0fXXs]) shows this flag.
The anonymous author of
Book of All Kingdoms describes the
flag thus: "E este emperador Abdeselib á por senales un pendón de plata con una cruz prieta
d'esta manera." (="The Emperor Abdeselib has for his device a white flag
with a black cross like this.", as translated in the Halkyut Society edition.)
António Martins-Tuválkin, 6 December 2007